Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Satureja calamintha Nepeta

Satureja calamintha nepeta (S. calamintha) has a history of successful use in the treatment bacterial and fungal diseases. The present study was designed to investigate chemical composition antioxidant antimicrobial activities essential oils extracted from wild S. (EOSS) domesticated (EOSD) for comparison purposes. Hydrodistillation used extract (EOs), while GC/MS analysis. Antioxidant activity studied using DPPH FRAP assays. Antifungal performed against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, flavus, Fusarium oxysporum), antibacterial tested clinically resistant bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis. By ab=n silico approach, main compounds EOSS EOSD were also investigated. yields obtained 2.80% 1.95%, respectively, with dominance eucalyptol, pulegone rotundifolone. Concerning power, IC50 values recorded by assay range 23.03 ± 4.30 24.09 4.38 μg/mL EOSD, assay, EC50 55.38 2.16 60.72 7.71 respectively. Importantly, both exhibited good all bacteria; notably, inhibition zone ranged 14 0.00 48.67 1.15 mm MICs 0.37 5.96 µg/mL. Similarly, EOs showed important antifungal compared fungi, wherein percentage 47.33 89.18 0.75%, 0.18 2.98 molecular docking results that piperitenone strongly inhibited human acetylcholinesterase, whereas (+)-Isomenthone aureus nucleoside diphosphate kinase, E. coli beta-ketoacyl-[acyl carrier protein] synthase, outcome this article suggests can be developed as alternative agents manage drug-resistant phenomena free radical issues.